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young adults showed that e-cigarette use was associated with higher odds for any respiratory symptom (aOR, 1.32

It is difficult to ascertain if the absolute incidence of lung cancer in patients who have never smoked is increasing over time or if these cases just represent a greater proportion of lung cancers now that smoking rates are decreasing, said Jaclyn LoPiccolo, MD, PhD, an attending physician at the Lowe Center for Thoracic Oncology at the Dana-Farber Cancer Institute

Analysis Chi-squared tests were mostly used to assess differences across study groups, with Mann-Whitney U tests used for labeling outcomes given their non-normal distributions