2017 meta-analysis: A meta-analysis of 17 clinical trials including 1,625 adults with chronic heart failure found that 16 g/day L-carnitine supplements for 7 days to 3 years improved left ventricular ejection fraction by 4.14%, stroke volume by 8.21 mL, and cardiac output by 0.88 L/min compared to routine treatment
Ingredients: Chicken, peas, potato flour, pea flour, chickpeas, tapioca, dried tomato pomace, chicken fat (preserved with mixed tocopherols), pumpkin, cranberry, carrot, sweet potato, apple, celery, beets, parsley, lettuce, watercress, L-carnitine
Elevated mean cell volume (MCV) and homocysteine levels may indicate a vitamin B12 deficiency
Treatment is recommended when the bicarbonate level is G3) on RAASi, and comorbidities including diabetes and heart failure