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What they found (summary): Development of Melanotan II as a cutaneous drug failed due to the combination of side effects Bifurcation into more selective derivatives was both scientifically and commercially successful PT-141 Bremelanotide (Vyleesi, 2019) Melanotan I Afamelanotide (Scenesse, 2014) Underground use of Melanotan II is safety-problematic Why it matters: This is the definitive historical review by the founders of the field
Potential risks with underdosing or overdosing A major safety concern centers on the labeling and dispensing method of these compounded products, which often leads to dosing errors
Potential benefits being investigated include: Cognitive performance : Some small-scale human studies have shown mixed results on cognitive tasks among participants receiving GLP-1 receptor agonists, with no consistent pattern of improvement established in randomised trials to date Cognitive decline : Observational data from diabetes cohorts suggest that patients prescribed GLP-1 agents may experience different rates of cognitive deterioration compared to those on other diabetes medications, though causality cannot be established Dementia risk : Population-based studies have indicated a possible association between GLP-1 receptor agonist use and dementia diagnoses, though these findings require confirmation in prospective trials Neuroimaging markers : Early research is examining potential effects on brain structure and function, but definitive evidence of preservation of brain volume has not been established Important limitations and considerations: Limited human trial data : Most evidence comes from animal models or observational studies
doi: 10.1038/s41586-022-05388-4 373 WeerasekeraA.Dost.FeiD
